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I wish it were possible to say that plurals never need an apostrophe. But we have to make an exception for the plural of letters, if only to avoid confusion. If I ask: How many is in 'imitate'? or How many as in 'aardvark'? or How many us in ululate? you'd have to read those questions twice, I bet. There would not be the same problem with How many es in separate? or How many os in 'horizon' (why did that word come to mind so readily?), though they do look a bit odd. Once you make the exception for the plurals of a, i, and u, it would look odd to write 'Dot your i's and cross your ts. So I think we have to allow the apostrophe in the plural of all letters.I beg to differ.The lower case would be a confusing "ss". I have consulted trusty Mr. Fowler, who writes, regarding the non-possessive 's:
"it may occasionally be used before a plural s as a device for avoiding confusion, but this should not be extended beyond what is necessary for that purpose. We may reasonably write dot your i's and cross your t's, but there is no need for an apostrophe in but me no buts or one million whys, or for the one we sometimes see in such plurals as M.P.s, A.D.C.s, N.C.O.s, the 1920s, etc.."
I had to stop and ponder over "but me no buts".
In Llanberis in north Wales there is (or was) an outdoor shop run by a Kiwi. He had a small basket of metal spikes which was labelled "tint pigs"....I cringed every time Peg's name was used on our trip to New Zealand.
I might have missed it, but I haven't seen O'Cebreiro mentioned. Put that one with O'Pedrouzo, which isn't mentioned as often.
What really, really, annoys me is that bit about English being an ever-evolving language. Once more than 50% of people make the same mistake, the mistake becomes accepted, and what was 'right' becomes 'wrong'. Even dictionaries are forced to accept the misuse. Listen to the number of people who pronounce 'dissect' to rhyme with 'bisect', the number of people who use 'epicentre' because it sounds cleverer than 'centre', the people who want to live life to the 'fullest', the people who think that there is a 'bacteria' and a 'criteria'. These are probably not relevant to this thread, but I just wanted to mention them. But 'I had a panini' might be seen, or you might see a chalkboard on the camino with a list of "panini's"
My husband's sister taught Italian at a university and spoke Sicilian as well. When my son was in middle school he wrote a term paper and asked her whether to use panino or panini. She told him that while panino was correct in the context in which he was using the word he could use panini as that is what the sandwich has come to be called in the US. His English teacher disagreed!!!But 'I had a panini' might be seen, or you might see a chalkboard on the camino with a list of "panini's"
See post 4I might have missed it, but I haven't seen O'Cebreiro mentioned. Put that one with O'Pedrouzo, which isn't mentioned as often.
What really, really, annoys me is that bit about English being an ever-evolving language. Once more than 50% of people make the same mistake, the mistake becomes accepted, and what was 'right' becomes 'wrong'. Even dictionaries are forced to accept the misuse. Listen to the number of people who pronounce 'dissect' to rhyme with 'bisect', the number of people who use 'epicentre' because it sounds cleverer than 'centre', the people who want to live life to the 'fullest', the people who think that there is a 'bacteria' and a 'criteria'. These are probably not relevant to this thread, but I just wanted to mention them. But 'I had a panini' might be seen, or you might see a chalkboard on the camino with a list of "panini's"
I do.Listen to the number of people who pronounce 'dissect' to rhyme with 'bisect',
You do listen to people who pronounce 'dissect' to rhyme with 'bisect', or you do pronounce 'dissect' to rhyme with 'bisect'? If you are in the latter camp, you can take comfort in the number of dictionaries that allow that pronunciation. I quote Adam Kay (author of "This is Going to Hurt"), "'DISS-ection', as our anatomy lecturer taught us on day one: 'Diss as in piss, not dice as in lice.'" (Undoctored, Adam Kay). If you are in that latter camp, I hope that you spell the word correctly. Not that it's a word that you are likely to write very often, unless you are a surgeon.I do.
Yes, I'm in this camp and am much relieved by this acceptanceIf you are in the latter camp, you can take comfort in the number of dictionaries that allow that pronunciation.
I can't agree with you on this. Not because I disagree, but because it would be a misuse of the word "with", which we all know means "against" and has for over a thousand years. Any usage with the sense "on the same side as" is a misuse that the dictionaries have been forces to accept, just because the majority of speakers are making the same mistake. Right has become wrong and mið has become wið.What really, really, annoys me is that bit about English being an ever-evolving language. Once more than 50% of people make the same mistake, the mistake becomes accepted, and what was 'right' becomes 'wrong'. Even dictionaries are forced to accept the misuse.
If there isn’t a written accent, then there is a pattern to which syllable gets stressed. In words that end with a vowel or the consonant -n or -s, the stress is on the second to last syllable. With any other consonant, the stress is on the last syllable. Any stress that breaks that rule requires a written accent. Written accents are only found on vowels (á, é, í, ó, ú) and there can only be one of them per word.I rely on generally knowing how to pronounce words to be able to back-calculate where to put the accents in written Spanish.
Sometimes it’s hard to know if the accent is not present because it’s not supposed to be there or because it was forgotten or omitted due to laziness. I’ve always been a stickler for accents but I type mostly on an English keyboard, having to do something extra like long press to type the accented letter and it’s easy to forget, autocorrect doesn’t always catch it. It’s not a problem if I’m familiar with the word, but once in a while I have to ask. I’m not from Spain, so I wasn’t sure if Sarria was pronounced that way or whether an accent over the i has been omitted, as in Sarría (as I understand it, it’s the first one). I’m an amateur musician, and I came up upon the title of an Afro-Cuban Dance called Danza Lucumi. Pronounced as just written didn’t sound right, particularly since it was an American printed score, the American typeset doesn’t have accents (sometimes they do but I’ve seen so many mistakes so I don’t trust them). The correct spelling is Danza Lucumí, with an accent on the i. Another situation is when a word is in all caps, because we usually omit the accent on capitalized letters (eg, ángel and Angel, you can put the accent as it’s supposed to but Ángel seems less common to me)If there isn’t a written accent, then there is a pattern to which syllable gets stressed. In words that end with a vowel or the consonant -n or -s, the stress is on the second to last syllable. With any other consonant, the stress is on the last syllable. Any stress that breaks that rule requires a written accent. Written accents are only found on vowels (á, é, í, ó, ú) and there can only be one of them per word.
The ñ is technically an accent but doesn’t count in the “one per word” thing, it means you pronounce the letter like “ny” (or like the “gn” in lasagna).
There are a few other accents things (like when do you hear the “u” after a “g”, certainly not in the word guitar but yes in the word penguin: guitarra, pingüino) but I won’t get into that now, we probably won’t meet too many penguins on Camino.
I believe that it is still considered a separate letter - at least that's what Wikipedia says.When I was growing up, ñ was considered a separate letter
Also, in print and not sound related, they can identify the meaning of a word as in "Sí, si puedes" ("Yes, if you can").Umlauts, tildes, accents, cedillas etc are lumped together under the term ‘diacritic’ and they have different uses in different languages, for example shortening or lengthening a vowel, shifting the stress, or actually changing the sound of a vowel or consonant.
Also, tu and tú are different words. Tú is “you” and tu is “yours”, as in “Tú quieres tu café ahora?” (you want your coffee now?). Te and té are also different, Té is tea , te is an article (I think, my grammar is rusty) as in “te puedo ayudar?” As a rule, monosyllables are not accented except for instances like this…and I’m not sure if I should have written an accent over “o” (or), my guess is not, but I’m not sure even as a native speaker. I think there is a slight sound difference, as the accented version is a bit more stressed, making it stand out more in a sentence/phrase, while the unaccented version seems to blend in more with the surrounding words.Also, in print and not sound related, they can identify the meaning of a word as in "Sí, si puedes" ("Yes, if you can").
Ah, yes, of course. I still have nightmares of things like verb conjugations and things like “pasado pretérito pluscuamperfecto”, too much for a kid to absorb. By contrast, while I struggle to this day with English pronunciation, I was fortunate to attend a school that taught very good English using a textbook that would have us diagram the sentences, it was very logical and concise, so my English writing, while not perfect, is reasonably good.‘te’ is a pronoun, replacing a noun.
... and a noun is a person, place or thing.‘te’ is a pronoun, replacing a noun.
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