I guess it would tricky logistically.
It's possible to search for the bus routes from place to place, cross referencing the route in the guide:
For example, Malaga to Almogia is served by M-250 with 6 departures per day from Monday to Friday ...
siu.ctmam.ctan.es
But that bus doesn't follow the camino route exactly ... so you'd have to divert from the Camino to meet the bus in Puertosol. which would require some navigation without the arrows. Expect transportation services to get scarcer as you get further from Malaga. And good luck finding any transport on Sundays.
A better plan (in my opinion) would be to base yourself in one place - Spend a few days at a Casa Rural on the way to Granada, and do a series of day hikes, including some of the Camino route, and some walks in the Sierra Nevada mountains. With this plan you would have no bus timetables to worry about, and no heavy rucksack. I'm not sure where to recommend on the way from Malaga, since I haven't walked that route. The places that I know which would be ideal for this would be Quentar or Güéjar Sierra. (Strictly speaking, Güéjar isn't on the camino, but it's beautiful).
I would urge you to use private accommodations - hostals, casas rurales, hotels etc. - rather than albergues, for this kind of plan. It's tourism not pilgrimage, after all.