I have friends who successfully obtained a 12 month visa for France, which I would expect to be similar. I asked her about how it worked and this is her (verbatim) reply:
It was fiddly but doable. I you go onto the visas-fr page, complete the quiz - they tell you what you should apply for and what documents you need. We then set about collecting the documents - health insurance for a year, proof of income etc. Once we had that you have to make an appointment with the agents -VFS I think. That was the hard part … shit website so ended up going in twice to ask for an appointment. Once we had the appointment we had our visas within a month … Apparently Spain is easier.
Just to add another perspective on this - and possibly some room for optimism for the OP, if you have a similar opportunity from the US, and others.
I have successfully applied for 3 x long term visas in France (each of 12 months). The applications were made in Sydney, Australia - and could be submitted no earlier than 3 months before anticipated arrival date in France. There are various types of visas available - mine has a family connection, so likely not available to the OP. But there are other types.
I know of many people in France on visas that allow them to stay longer than the 3 month Schenghen period, for travel purposes. For example, I met a fellow Aussie from the Sunshine Coast just a few weeks ago, here in France. She had successfully applied for a 6 month travel visa for the sole purpose of travel - in her case she had to show proof of her financial means and health insurance for the 6 months- she did not require a medical. She was not doing business in France or looking to work in France. She told me that her visa was in this category -
- for tourist, family or private visits or even business trips: the “Temporary visitor visa” visa (VLS-TS);
Once in France, she told me that she was free to visit Spain, Italy, Germany etc ... Regarding the VFS website - VFS is the company that the French consulate in Australia (and perhaps elsewhere) has outsourced applications for visa processing including the interview. My first two long stay visa applications were directly with the consulate, my most recent one (in January this year) was processed by VFS, with the interview at their office in Sydney. I got all my 'ducks in a row' in advance of the time I could apply. Applied on 2 January for a 30 March departure. I had my visa, in my passport, by the middle of February. Yes, the website is a bit clunky - I think the trick is to start exploring well before you make your online application - understand the process, work out what documents are needed and have patience.
Also, by way of perspective, having had to go through a process for my partner, now husband, to have a longer stay visa in Australia - compared to France, the Australian process was more difficult, required more documentation, was impossible to speak to a person, took much longer, and was more expensive - in fact prohibitive for many - e.g. A$7,500 fee to the government (non refundable if visa not granted) compared to A$110 for the French long stay visa, which included the courier fee for sending my passport back.
So, each person's circumstances are different, and rules vary from country to country, but there may be opportunities As others have said, it's not easy - but that doesn't mean it's impossible. If being able to travel in Schenghen countries longer than the rules allow is important to you - do the research with the official websites, understand your options, prepare your documentation, follow the procedures and have patience. All the best to the OP and other interested parties.
PS I'm no expert on this stuff - I'm thinking of you
@Kathar1na - just sharing my experience.