Drugs have side effects. Some are very common (10% or more), some are uncommon (1% or less). I doubt that anyone gets them all!! For ibuprofen:
General
The most frequently reported adverse effects were gastrointestinal (GI) in nature and included nausea, vomiting, flatulence, and diarrhea.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus: The most frequently reported adverse effects were sepsis, anemia, intraventricular bleeding, apnea, GI disorders, impaired renal function, respiratory infection, skin lesions, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and respiratory failure.[
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Gastrointestinal
Very common (10% or more): Nausea (up to 57%), vomiting (up to 22%), flatulence (up to 16%), diarrhea (up to 10%)
Common (1% to 10%): Dyspepsia, abdominal discomfort, epigastric pain, heartburn, abdominal distress, indigestion, constipation, abdominal cramps/pain, fullness of GI tract, bloating, GI hemorrhage, melena
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Abdominal distention, dyspepsia, gastritis
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Peptic ulcer, perforation, hematemesis, mouth ulceration, exacerbation of colitis, exacerbation of Crohn's disease
Frequency not reported: Dry mouth, duodenitis, esophagitis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, GI bleeding, glossitis, rectal bleeding, stomatitis, eructation, gingival ulcer, pancreatitis
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Very common (10% or more): GI disorders non-necrotizing enterocolitis (22%)
Common (1% to 10%): Necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal perforation
Frequency not reported: Abdominal distension, gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, ileus, inguinal hernia
Postmarketing reports: GI perforation[
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Cardiovascular
Very common (10% or more): Hemorrhage (up to 10%), hypertension (10%), hypotension (10%)
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Cardiac failure
Frequency not reported: Congestive heart failure, tachycardia, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, palpitations, vasculitis, sinus bradycardia, angina pectoris, thrombotic events
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Frequency not reported: Tachycardia, cardiac failure, hypotension[
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Nervous system
Very common (10% or more): Headache (up to 12%)
Common (1% to 10%): Dizziness, nervousness
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Cerebrovascular accident
Frequency not reported: Syncope, drowsiness, paresthesia, somnolence, tremors, convulsions, coma
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Common (1% to 10%): Intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular hemorrhage
Frequency not reported: Convulsions[
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Renal
The number of total renal events in preterm infants within 30 days of therapy following IV use was 21% and included increased blood urea (7%), renal insufficiency/impairment (6%), reduced urine output (3%), increased blood creatinine (3%), renal failure (1%), and increased blood urea with hematuria (1%).[
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Very rare (less than 0.01%): Acute renal failure, renal papillary necrosis, interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, renal failure, renal insufficiency
Frequency not reported: Cystitis, azotemia, creatinine clearance decreased, glomerulitis, tubular necrosis, nephrotoxicity
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Very common (10% or more): Renal events (21%)
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Acute renal failure[
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Hematologic
The incidence of total bleeding events within 30 days of therapy with IV use in preterm infants was 32%. This percentage included grade 1 and 2 intraventricular hemorrhage (15%), grade 3 and 4 intraventricular hemorrhage (15%), and other bleeding (6%).[
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Very common (10% or more): Anemia (up to 36%), eosinophilia (up to 26%), neutropenia (up to 13%), thrombocythemia (up to 10%)
Common (1% to 10%): Hemoglobin decreased
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, hematocrit decreased
Frequency not reported: lymphadenopathy, bleeding episodes
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Very common (10% or more): Anemia (32%), total bleeding (32%), intraventricular hemorrhage (29%), Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia[
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Dermatologic
Common (1% to 10%): Rash, maculopapular rash, pruritus
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, toxic epidermal necrolysis
Frequency not reported: Ecchymosis, purpura, alopecia, sweating, photosensitivity, angioedema, exfoliative dermatitis, urticaria, vesiculobullous eruptions, Henoch Schonlein vasculitis
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Very common (10% or more): Skin lesion/irritation (16%)[
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Metabolic
Very common (10% or more): Hypokalemia (up to 19%), hypoproteinemia (up to 13%), blood urea increased (10%), hypernatremia (10%), hypoalbuminemia (10%)
Common (1% to 10%): Appetite decreased, fluid retention
Frequency not reported: Appetite changes, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemic reaction, acidosis
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Very common (10% or more): Hypoglycemia (12%), hypocalcemia (12%), blood creatinine increased, blood sodium decreased
Common (1% to 10%): Hypernatremia
Frequency not reported: Feeding problems, hyperglycemia[
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Other
Very common (10% or more): Bacteremia (13%), blood LDH increased (up to 10%)
Common (1% to 10%): Peripheral edema, wound hemorrhage, tinnitus, hearing impairment, edema, fatigue
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Aseptic meningitis, vertigo, exacerbation of infection-related inflammations
Frequency not reported: Fever, infection, sepsis, weight changes, asthenia, malaise, pseudo-tumor, hearing loss, drowsiness
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Very common (10% or more): Sepsis (43%)
Common (1% to 10%): Edema, fluid retention
Frequency not reported: Various infections[
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Respiratory
Very common (10% or more): Bacterial pneumonia (up to 10%)
Common (1% to 10%): Cough
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Asthma, bronchospasm, dyspnea, wheezing
Frequency not reported: Apnea, respiratory depression, pneumonia, rhinitis, epistaxis
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Very common (10% or more): Apnea (28%), respiratory infection (19%), respiratory failure (10%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Common (1% to 10%): Atelectasis, pulmonary hemorrhage
Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Hypoxemia
Postmarketing reports: Pulmonary hypertension[
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Hepatic
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Hepatitis, jaundice
Frequency not reported: Hepatorenal syndrome, liver necrosis, liver failure, abnormal liver function tests
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Frequency not reported: Cholestasis, jaundice[
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Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported and may consist of any of the following: a syndrome of abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and anaphylaxis; respiratory tract reactivity comprising bronchospasm, asthma/aggravated asthma, or dyspnea; skin reactions, which rarely included exfoliative and bullous dermatoses, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, pruritus, and urticaria.[
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Frequency not reported: Anaphylactoid reactions, hypersensitivity reaction[
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Ocular
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Visual disturbances
Frequency not reported: Blurred vision, amblyopia, diminished vision, scotomata, changes in color vision, conjunctivitis, dry eyes, diplopia, optic neuritis, cataracts, optic neuritis, toxic optic neuropathy[
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Musculoskeletal
Frequency not reported: Lupus erythematosus syndrome[
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Psychiatric
Frequency not reported: Anxiety, confusion, depression, dream abnormalities, insomnia, emotional lability, hallucinations[
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Genitourinary
Common (1% to 10%): Urinary retention
Very rare (less than 0.01%): Proteinuria, hematuria
Frequency not reported: Dysuria, oliguria, polyuria, menorrhagia
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Very common (10% or more): Oliguria, hematuria
Common (1% to 10%): Urinary tract infection[
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Immunologic
Frequency not reported: Serum sickness[
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Local
Common (1% to 10%): Infusion site pain
Postmarketing reports: Transient sensation of burning in mouth/throat
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Frequency not reported: Injection site reactions[
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Endocrine
Frequency not reported: Gynecomastia
Patent Ductus Arteriosus:
Common (1% to 10%): Adrenal insufficiency[
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As for hives, it looks like .1 to .3% prevalence:
NSAID-induced urticaria and angioedema: a reappraisal of its clinical management.
Sánchez-Borges M1,
Capriles-Hulett A,
Caballero-Fonseca F.
Author information
Abstract
Hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), resulting in urticaria and angioedema, is being observed with increasing frequency. Prevalence rates range from 0.1-0.3%, which is partly due to the large size of the exposed (at risk) population. Some predisposing factors for these cutaneous reactions have been identified, among them atopic diathesis, female sex, young adulthood, a history of chronic urticaria and the use of the NSAID for the relief of acute pain. The description of two different arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenases (COX) about a decade ago, designated COX-1 and COX-2, and the incorporation into the therapeutic armamentarium of more selective enzyme inhibitors for the control of inflammation and pain, has led to an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of adverse reactions to NSAIDs. This has allowed investigators to study 'sensitive' individuals to see if they can safely receive these new pharmaceutical compounds. The reasons why some people react to NSAIDs are not completely clarified. The prevalent theory about the pathogenesis of urticaria and angioedema due to NSAIDs in cross-reactive patients assumes that the inhibition of COX-1 leads to a shunting of arachidonic acid metabolism towards the 5-lipoxygenase pathway, which results in an increased synthesis and release of cysteinyl leukotrienes. Although COX-2 inhibitors are well tolerated by the majority of classic NSAID-sensitive patients, cutaneous reactions to highly selective inhibitors of COX-2 have been described in some of these individuals, casting some doubts about the relevance of such hypotheses. On the other hand, in patients who react to a single NSAID and chemically similar products (single-reactors), specific immunoglobulin E antibodies to haptenated NSAID metabolites have been suspected, although these metabolites are not easily demonstrated by means of routine in vivo or in vitro techniques. Facial (periorbital) angioedema constitutes the most common form of clinical presentation, and one-third of the patients show a mixed clinical pattern of cutaneous (urticaria and/or angioedema) and respiratory symptoms which include upper respiratory tract edema, rhinorrhea, cough, breathlessness and tearing. When necessary, diagnosis is confirmed by means of controlled peroral drug challenges done by experienced physicians in the hospital setting and test results are helpful for clinical management, which will be based on strict avoidance, and the use of alternative tolerated medications. This approach is specially indicated in hypersensitive patients with chronic medical conditions who require continuous NSAID therapy, such as those with arthritis and coronary heart disease.
