David, I just had a really nasty surprise with this last week at Barajas in Madrid. Western Union would have been the best (only) option in my situation. With Western Union - if you end up needing them - if the sender takes cash to a Western Union office and sends you, the receiver, an identifying reference number, and the funds are sent to another Western Union office, the cash is wired immediately and you have immediate access (but remember to take into consideration the time differences for opening hours). I don't know if you'll be in Madrid, but Madrid has a number of Western Union offices, including at Terminal 1 at Barajas. If the transaction goes out of a bank account or credit card from the sender, my understanding from scouring their site is that it can take at least 2 days, sometimes 3 for the wired funds to show up. Which means you're stuck waiting unless you know of an office where you'll be to have it wired to days ahead, and can get by cashless until then. You can register with Western Union and also set up your own account to transfer money to yourself, but it will still take 2 - 3 days, if I have understood them correctly. I signed up today and never want to be in a position where it's not possible to withdraw cash again.