At it's core, a surge or wave of people on the Camino is a classical queuing theory algorithm. The "wave" is caused by a large number of people all choosing to walk the same way, on the same route, at more or less the same time, and at more or less the same pace.
Added to this is the phenomenon of the 33 "
Brierley Stages." Because so many people rely on or are influenced by someone who has been influenced by this popular guidebook, the wave, surge, or "pig in the python" moves from nightly stage to nightly stage, following the pattern each day.
There are ALWAYS variations caused by faster or slower walkers, or folks staying an extra night somewhere. However, the majority of people, if all utilizing the 33
Brierley Stages, will move the demand for services and lodging, in a predictable manner. This causes, what in essence can be called "a rolling traffic jam."
Back home, it is the same paradigm that defines "rush hour" commuting, or "peak time" arrivals or departures at airports.
Fundamentally, it is why we have traffic jams or stacked aircraft flights occurring at regular, and predictable times of day, or days of the week.
The only effective methods for avoiding the congestion, are exactly the same for avoiding commuting traffic, or air travel delays. Avoid them by altering your travel plans...
First, alter your starting-out days so that your daily stages, especially at the popular starting places, do not fall on peak demand days of the week. This is what I have advocated for several years now. It works for me.
Second, alter where you stop for the night. Other guide books, and indeed many veteran pilgrims, avoid the surge by staying just before or just after the usual (
Brierley) prescribed stopping place. I recommend you consider this option. I have used it as well, with positive effect. A couple of kilometers more or less can have a significant effect.
I hope this helps.